1. Pregnant and breastfeeding women
Berberine has been shown to cross the placenta, and animal studies suggest that it may lead to uterine contractions or cause harm to the developing fetus. Additionally, berberine can transfer into breast milk, posing potential risks to newborns. Pregnant or breastfeeding women are strongly advised to avoid berberine supplementation to ensure the safety of their child.
2. Infants and young children
Berberine is not recommended for infants, particularly those with jaundice. This compound can exacerbate the condition by displacing bilirubin from albumin, potentially leading to kernicterus—a rare but severe type of brain damage. Parents should consult a pediatrician before administering any supplements to children.
3. Individuals on blood-thinning medications
Berberine may have anticoagulant properties, meaning it can thin the blood. Those taking blood-thinning medications such as warfarin or aspirin are at risk of excessive bleeding if they combine these with berberine.
4. Diabetics on antidiabetic medications
While berberine is often used to help manage blood sugar levels, it can enhance the effects of antidiabetic drugs such as metformin or insulin, leading to hypoglycemia (dangerously low blood sugar levels). Individuals with diabetes should only take berberine under strict medical supervision.
5. People taking cytochrome P450 substrates
Berberine inhibits certain liver enzymes (cytochrome P450 enzymes) responsible for metabolizing medications. This can lead to elevated levels of certain drugs in the bloodstream, increasing the risk of side effects. Medications affected may include antidepressants, statins, and certain antibiotics.
6. Patients with low blood pressure
Berberine has been noted to lower blood pressure. While this can benefit hypertensive individuals, those with preexisting low blood pressure (hypotension) might experience symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, or fatigue.
7. Individuals with chronic gastrointestinal conditions
Berberine can irritate the gastrointestinal tract, potentially exacerbating symptoms in individuals with conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis. Those experiencing chronic digestive issues should consult a gastroenterologist before using berberine.
8. People undergoing surgery
Berberine’s anticoagulant properties and its potential to interact with anesthesia or other medications administered during surgery pose significant risks. It is recommended to discontinue berberine supplementation at least two weeks before any surgical procedure.
9. Patients with liver or kidney disease
The liver and kidneys are critical for metabolizing and excreting berberine. Individuals with compromised liver or kidney function may find it challenging to process the compound, leading to toxic buildup and increased side effects.
Conclusion
Berberine use requires careful consideration and medical guidance. Patients in the groups mentioned above should avoid berberine or consult a gastroenterologist before starting supplementation.
